Culture of Pakistan
Identification. As part of India's independence from Britain in 1947, took a partition of their land and Pakistan, created as an independent Islamic nation. It is estimated that about 95 percent of the population are Muslims but members of various religious minorities live there, including some Hindus, Christians, Parsis, Sikhs and Buddhists. Although the modern nation of Pakistan was but 53 years old in 2000, it is territorial areas and Tribal groups, whose stories come from many centuries, so Pakistan has both an old and comparatively new identity.Location and geography. Pakistan in South Asia and 339 697 square miles (879,815 square kilometers) in area. It was what had created the northwest side of India. All countries except the southern part of Afghanistan is landlocked in the north-west, Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, India in the east and southeast, and Iran in the west. In the southern part of the Banks of the city of Karachi, which was the original capital, when the nation was founded in l947, is the Arabian Sea. Karachi is widely known for its coast. Most the northern part of the country consists of mountains and the famous Khyber Pass, whose history goes back several thousand years. It is in this northern part, where most of the ancient tribes still live and where many of the old tribal cultures and traditions is still exist.Pakistan from several provinces, including Punjab, Sindh, North-West Frontier, Baluchistan and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The city of Islamabad, which is located centrally in the country, was officially named the capital of Pakistan in 1961, and the Construction began on government buildings among others. Islamabad, the capital active in 1966. In addition to modern government building also has a wide range of modern Hotels, an international airport and the nearby famous ancient city Rawalpindi.In addition to the many mountains, including K-2 is known, what is the second highest mountain in the world, Pakistan also has several lakes and rivers, including the Indus, the 1,800 miles (2896 km) long. Pakistan also has several deserts, in Punjab and Sindh. Pakistan Taxila is also home to the oldest university in the world. To the north, by China, by tammue and Kashmir, is a famous ancient silk is road.Pakistan diverse. There is snow-covered mountains to the north, sunny beaches in the south, and a wide range of geographically and culturally fascinating pages elsewhere.Demography. The population of Pakistan is estimated at 135 million euros. An estimated 40 million people live in urban areas, with the remainder in rural areas. In addition to the Inhabitants of the cities of Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar, which lies on the edge of the city Kybher Pass Gateway to live, many residents in the tribal valleys. These include Chitral Valley, at an altitude of 3,800 feet (1,158 meters), where all people are Muslims, but this is also the home of the Kafir Kalash (carries the black robe), a primitive pagan tribe. In the Swat valley, which is six times the cradle of Buddhism, Muslim conquerors battles and residents claim to descendants of soldiers of Alexander the Great. In the Hunza Valley, people noted.
Pakistan for longevity.
which they claim is because of the diet and of lifestyle. The people of Hunza Valley are Muslims and are descendants of soldiers of Alexander the Great. In North-West Frontier Province is Kaghan valley in the west by Swat valley is bounded to the north of Gilgit, and in the east of Azad Kashmir. The people are Muslims Kaghan Valley Pashtuns and Kohistanis and Gujars. Shardu Valley is the capital of the district Baltistan and is called "Little Tibet" because the lifestyle is there, as in Tibet itself, the people of each of these valleys well known for their tribal cultures, Handicrafts and clothing for fascinating, most of which tissues and it is handmade and unique to their special area.Linguistic affiliation. The official language Pakistan is Urdu, but most public servants, the people, and others in Pakistan also speak English, English is often called the Casual official language of Pakistan. Urdu was created by combining the languages of the conquerors and early settlers, including Arabic, Persian and Turkish. The spoken Urdu type is the same as that of Hindi, but it is in a different font than Hindi.While written Urdu and English are widely used in Pakistan, many other languages in the various valleys and areas discussed. These include the Punjaki, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi, Brahvi, Saraiki, Hindko and dialects, including others.Symbolism. The design of the Pakistani flag was officially established by the Country Constituent Assembly in July 1947 adopted, it was first flown on their Independence Day, 14 August l947. The flag was celebrated by Ali Jinnah, the man formed as the founder of Pakistan. There is a thick white stripe on the left side of the flag, the rest of the flag has a dark green background with a white Crescent and a five-pointed star centered on her. The white stands for peace, and the dark green represents prosperity. The crescent represents progress; and the star stands for light, guidance and knowledge. Pakistan also has a national emblem. In the center of a circled ring of jasmine flowers is a sign that six sections, each of which shows a large product of the country has made, if the country was created. One section shows cotton, wheat is a different, a tea and jute. Above the six Sections of the crescent and star, as the national flag. On a scroll below the wreath in Urdu "Faith, Unity written
Discipline. "History and ethnic relations Emergence of the nation.
For many years in India sought independence from Great Britain. The course work of most of those years, the Muslim League, India was also trying to create an independent Islamic nation. The Muslim leader Ali Jinnah had been since 1916; in 1940 they began to advocate and Muslims for a separate state. When the British finally agreed to the independence of India and moved in 1947, Pakistan a Muslim nation, with Ali Jinnah as the first Governor-General. Originally it was divided into six parts. The nation was now called Pakistan then called West Pakistan, and on the opposite side of India, about 1,000 miles (1609 km) was removed, another Muslim area called East Pakistan. In 1956, Pakistan became a republic. In 1971 East Pakistan waged a successful war of independence from West Pakistan and became the independent nation of Pakistan's history as an independent Bangladesh.While Nation dates only to 1947, the history of the area it covers is many thousands of years into the course work of the time, when the area became part of the Indian subcontinent. In addition, the country home of the famed Khyber Pass, the route that many intrusions is used in India. They include Mughal invaders and Alexander the Great. Much centuries ago, many Buddhists also that the northern section can be used as a route, Pakistan today has many fascinating Buddhist sites and historical notes as part of its history. Punjab and is a part of the country, it was the home of the founder of the Sikh religion, and it continues to play an important role in Pakistan. Demarcation lines between India and Pakistan at the northern border areas are not clear in places or in dispute and controversy surround this lines.National identity. The national identity today is that Pakistan is an Islamic nation, it was designed as such. However, since what is now Pakistan has a history that goes back several thousand years ago the area was a History that Pakistan is part of the present identity. This is one of the reasons why both residents and visitors find historicallyin the relatively young nation of Pakistan fascinated by the past and why the national identity includes many sights and stories that are centuries older than the nation itself.Ethnic Relations. There are at least six ethnic groups in Pakistan. In general, there's not continuous or frequent problems between the different ethnic groups with the exception of ethnic Tensions in Sindh, which occur regularly.
U RBANISM, architecture and use of outer space.
Because the relative novelty (1966) from the capital Islamabad, it has modern architecture in the context of a master plan arranged. In addition to modern buildings, the capital Islamabad home of the famous Shah Faisal Mosque, so huge prayer hall that can accommodate ten thousand people, while verandas and porches during can keep twenty-four thousand believers. It also has a courtyard that seats four thousand people.Islamabad added, also has a sports complex, art galleries, a museum of natural history universities.Other and six sites in and near Islamabad have Rawal Lake, the Rose and Jasmine Garden, the Murghzar mini zoo and Kid's Park, and the Shakarparian Hills, the terrace garden offers a view of other mountains, Rawal Lake and the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.The ancient city of Rawalpindi, near the border of Islamabad, has a history dating back to 6000 Years. While many new modern buildings that have been incorporated city, it retains much of its historical look and is well known for its bazaars that Craft specialization. Rawalpindi is home Linquat Memorial Hall with a large auditorium and library; Ayub National Park Rawalpindi and the Golf course work, created in 1926 was completed, but still in regular use.Another known urban Lahore, founded 6,000 years old. Lahore was the cultural center of the Mughal Empire, the glorified it with palaces, gardens and mosques. It is the second largest city in Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. Some of its historical sites include the Fort Royal, who in 1566 was built by Akbar the Great, and Wazir Khan's Mosque, built in 1683 and is still one of the most beautiful mosques in the whole of South Asia.Another thought old, but still famous place in Lahore, the Shalimar Gardens, which were originally used in 1642 by Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan laid. The garden is surrounded by high walls and a guard tower at each surrounded the six corners. The garden is used as a place of regular special state receptions. Lahore is also home to several other known Mosques, museums and historical sites in Lahore influenced more recent is the Minar-e-Pakistan, where a resolution was passed in 1940, demanding creation of a separate Homeland for the Muslims. The Minar is an estimated 197 feet (60 meters) high.Another well-known city is the city of Karachi, Pakistan was the first capital. Karachi located in the south of the nation and in addition to being a modern city on the shores of the Arabian Sea, there is plenty of fascinating sites, including the Masjid-e-Tooba, alleged the largest single-domed mosque, and several art galleries and bazaars. There is a wide range of water sports and remains the center of trade and 's a industry.There Many other urban areas throughout Pakistan, but one of the best known is the city of Peshawar, the northernmost city and is home to the gateway to the Khyber Pass. Peshawar is a city of Pathan tribals, which also Muslims. Alexander the Great and parts of his army remained in this city for forty days in 327 BCE Balahissar fort is on both the eastern and western approaches to the city, and it is around here that you take a train along the mountain roads in the Khyber Pass. While the city is centuries old People, the modern Peshawar is famous for its bazaars and for several colleges and a university.
FOOD AND ECONOMY
Food in everyday life. Since at least 95 percent of Pakistan's population are Muslims, then the six food customs, which generally followed be. One is that Muslims eat pork (that is, beef, chicken, lamb and fish are the staple food), and the other is that the course work in the month of Ramadan, Fasting is a daily activity.Spices and curry are an essential part of every Pakistani recipe. The most common spices include chili powder, turmeric, garlic, Pepper, black cumin and red pepper, bay leaf, coriander, cardamom, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, saffron, nutmeg and poppy, among others. Marinate meat with yogurt is another typical recipe. Through the use of spices and curry for the main course, the usual side dish rice. Lenses are another common specialty. The food in the south is exotic and spicy, while the level in the north often features grilled meat as a main course. Normally, no meat, poultry, seafood or curry, and beef is the typical system of cooking. Ghee, clarified butter, is another commonly used prescription item and is often used for frying.Wheat and Flour products are used daily for supporting the main idea of nutrition and the use of pickles, chutneys, jams, sauces and curry with meat, Seafood, vegetables and lentils are and why Pakistani cuisine such a distinctive character flavor.Green tea is the traditional drink at all meals.Food inches at ceremonial occasions served. Fasting is an important part of the Muslim observance of Ramadan, but food plays a role on many other occasions. Such an event is the Eid-ul-Azha (Feast of Sacrifice) in the last month of the Islamic calendar, commemorating the occasion when the Prophet Abraham to sacrifice his son on, an order was in response from God. Muslims who can afford it, are necessary, a sheep, goat, camel or cow symbolizes Abraham's devotion to sacrifice to God. The meat of the sacrificed animal is in shared six equal parts, the first donated to the poor, the second given to relatives and / or friends, and the third in the apartment of the man who cooked the victim made. Eating meat is part of the festival celebration activity.The important religious festival Shab-I-Barat, a special kind of pudding as halwa and nan known as unleavened bread containing known as distributed among the poor. The halwa and nan dishes are specially decorated with silver or gold and are also relatives and neighbors sent.
Food also plays a role in the celebration the surface of the Ramadan fasting period. This begins with a special breakfast sheer Kharma (a dessert), the noodles in milk with dried dates, Raisins, almonds, nuts and other looks. In addition, masses of people rush to the local bazaars, fruit, meat, sweets and new clothes & & jewelry.Sweets are distributed as part of the celebration of the birth of a child buy a brand new relatives, and an animal sacrifice is a goat, for a girl and five for a boy with the animal meat among the poor and distributed among friends and relatives. The food is also a child involved in a ceremony always three or 5 months old. Sisters & Relatives of rice in place of the infant's mouth with a silver spoon, and a drop of chicken broth is also taken into the mouth. After this ceremony, the adult then hold an expensive dinner ended with a special dessert called kheer.Basic economy. Pakistan is a poor country and its economic prospects are gloomy. It depends heavily on foreign loans and grants, and debt obligations make up 50 per cent of government expenditure. The average per capita income per person Pakistan is at $ 460 (U.S.) estimated. A huge number of Pakistanis, estimated at 35 percent, live below the poverty line line.Land Tenure & Property. Estimated 54.69 million hectares (22.14 million hectares) of land used for agriculture. The main crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugar cane and. A tremendous amount of land Pakistan has archaeological sites, such as Moenjo Daro, Harappa, Taxila, Kot Dijji, & More Garh.Commercial activities. A huge percentage of commercial Activities include the sale of handicrafts, such as how the carpets for which Pakistan is far known.Major Industries. Major industries in Pakistan are textiles, cement, Fertilizers, steel, sugar, electric goods, & shipbuilding.Trade. Pakistan main exports are cotton, textiles, rice, leather goods, carpets, sports goods, Fruits & Crafts. Major imports include industrial equipment, vehicles, iron ore, petroleum, and edible oil. Trading partners are the United States, Hong Kong, Japan, France, the United Kingdom, the United Arab & Emirates.Division of Labor. Forty-eight percent of workers are in services, 27 percent in the industry, and 25 percent are in agriculture.SOCIAL & STRATIFICATIONClasses box. There is no caste process in Pakistan. There are high-income, middle income and an immense number of low-income people across the country. Locale is an important difference in the quality of life, has a low income person in a city more questions than living in a tribal, mountain area.Symbols of social stratification. There have been and continued social development defects in Pakistan but in recognition of them, the government initiated in 1992-1993, the Social Action Programme (SAP) for social development and social services available to all levels of Pakistanis to make. Reports show that some had indeed benefited, benefiting the rural people will usually were not. Some of the expenses of the program for a simple education, medical, social, and rural water supply and sanitation. It is believed that many people do not understand the purpose and scope of the SAP and that significant Changes must be made in the program if it is to succeed.
POLITICAL LIFE GOVERNMENT.
The Government of Pakistan from an elected prime minister, a president and a parliament that consists of the Senate (upper house) and the National Assembly (lower house). There are 57 members of the Senate and 217 members of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is the head of government, & the President, elected by the legislature, is the tip of the state. There is also Minister responsible government areas such as school & Tourism. These are appointed by the Prime Minister. This in turn appoints the governors of the several states within the country. Also appointed by the Prime Minister are the most important judges of the Supreme Court.Leadership & Political officials. Each individual state within the country has a governor, and each town has its own mayor. In addition, most tribal groups a head chief.Social Issues & Controls. The largest social problem in Pakistan is using drugs. There are both governmental and nongovernmental programs.Women together at a wedding in Islamabad gathered. Muslim marriages unite not only a few, but their direction families.working rehabilitation of drug users and drug use.Military ending activity. Branches of the armed forces of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil-military forces and National Guard. The military in Pakistan consists of members from all ethnic groups within the country. Their tasks included participation in the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping and nation-building activities in various regions of the world. Soldiers in the Pakistani army are regular participants in the long-running dispute, sometimes to violence, with India in terms of sovereignty over Kashmir.Military activity in Pakistan has included five military coups. After that in 1955, 1969, 1977, the government was returned to civilian control by popular election. The latest coup was in October 1999 and towards the target of 2000 a general even than the peak of Government, even though he was promised a democratic election for a brand new Prime Minister in the near future.
NGOs and other associations
There are many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Pakistan, including the Aurat & Behood women's organizations, and international Lions & Rotary clubs belong to which a vast number of people. The World Bank and its various agencies have been actively working in Pakistan to set up village organizations since 1952.The Aga Khan Rural Support Program separate groups for men and women and then by their groups, a lot of development work. The Orange Pilot Project in Karachi has its Headquartered active in urban development, including working as one of the worst slums of Karachi to improve areas, followed by the first focusing on hygiene, a Range of community development activities.
GENDER ROLES AND Status
Division of labor by gender. all Pakistani Women, housewives, men and are generally known as the breadwinners. The largest percentage of working women in Pakistan are nurses or teachers. Women represented in the government as a minister in parliament and ambassadors. Benazir Bhutto was the first woman prime minister from 1988 to 1990.The & relative status of men and women offered. The women of Pakistan are regular voters, like the men and women are also regular participants at the universities. Islam gives women rights Custody, maintenance of, and inheritance, and they also have the right to enter shops and all professions. Women are engaged in agriculture production and Service sector. Women judges to five Supreme Court and several lower courts had been appointed and 10 percent rate established for the ladies to the police officers.There 'S a growing number of violent crimes against women or with the idea and the government has introduced women's police stations in Rawalpindi were opened Karachi, And Abbottabad in the North West Frontier.A many computer training centers for women and the government on women development centers "that focus on Education opens established community development workers with family planning, hygiene, sanitation, adult literacy, community organization, and rights.
Marriage, Family and KINSHIPMARRAIGE.
A kind of a Muslim marriage includes a nikah, a certificate in the signature the bride & groom in front of several witnesses, notes that the couple is legally married.There "other Muslim marriage traditions s also. You close or mayun Lagan takes place five or 5 days before the marriage and begins with the bride retired to a secluded area of their home. The day before the wedding, there is a menhdi ceremony where the bride Hands and feet are painted with henna. As the ceremony takes place, it is necessary that at least five witnesses to be there, and all guests have a short prayer for the success of the marriage. After the ceremony, dried dates are distributed to the guests. Marriage customs vary among the provinces, but Muslim marriage as the union of both families couple.Each and the tribal group has also seen some ceremonies that are an important part of marriages within these group.Inheritance. Women have inheritance rights in Pakistan, so that inheritance Women's and children's benefits may go after the death of the man & brother.Kin groups. A Muslim marriage as the union of the families of the bride and groom, so that the clan after a wedding expanded view. In some tribes, there can be neither an intercultural marriage or a dual ethnic arises, therefore, remain members of groups and fundamental identical ethnic & culturally.SOCIALIZATION
Child care. The addition of a brand new child of a Muslim family is seen as a great blessing and there is a large Variety of ceremonies that take place both at birth and at different stages of childhood. To have families with children are a lot of children's health centers across country.Child Rearing and education. The most Pakistani families think about it the privilege to name the child's grandfather. Another custom is that the first piece of clothing is a baby baby equipment from an older shirt that belonged to her grandfather. The child is usually named within 40 days after birth and then in the Usually known by a nickname until then. A young child's hair is out, with the belief that this will definitely thick growth of the entire life are shaved. The shorn hair weighed and is balanced against Silver, Silver & which is then added to the poor.In February 1998 Prime Minister announced a design for a brand new school owners from 1998 to 2010, to increase the number of simple and high schools, the projected enrollment of twelve million children, including about three million female children meet in the primary schools in 2003. The draft also proposed establishment of community-based non-formal schools, to fill the gap in school and to minimize the costs for primary schools. The new owner also proposed education training on thirty-six thousand teachers each year 1998 to 2003, a student-teacher ratio are we to think of 40 to 1 for females with most new teachers. A reduction in military spending has also been proposed so money compared to national basic education be channeled to all children.Higher education. Higher education is seen as having a major role in preparing an individual for a successful career. There are thousands of colleges and universities across the country.
RELIGION
Religious beliefs. Pakistan was a formed an Islamic nation and Islam remains the religion of about 95 percent of the population will be. There are also small groups of Buddhists, Christians, Parsees, Hindus &. The Muslim religion was in Baltit houses. Pakistan's landscape includes snow-capped mountains and valleys such as this, and sunny beaches.founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century, according to Islamic faith, he received messages from God and wrote them down, what was the Koran, the Muslim book that instructed the Muslims, as conduct their lives.Rituals & Holy Places. One of the prevailing rituals for Muslims is the month of Ramadan, in the work of the time they are needed quickly from dawn to sunset (this is not necessary in young children, the elderly or pregnant women). Ramadan is a time and thank Allah, Muslims for his blessing in the work of the past year. An additional requirement in the work of Ramadan, all Muslims must help the two funds with less Gifts & food blessed. The oath or day ends Ramadan begins with a sumptuous breakfast, then go to the Muslims a mosque or special parking for just prayer.An important Muslim holidays Eid-Milad-un-I-Nabi, the birth of the Prophet Mohammed, on the twelfth day of Rabi-uh-Awwal, the third month of the Muslim calendar. In addition to special meetings singing in mosques, in which the story of the life of Muhammad and mission is told, huge groups of Muslims paraded through the streets praising Muhammad. And private households decorated (like the mosques) are important in the celebration & praise Muhammad.Another Muslim religious festival is Shab-I-Barat, which is held on the fourteenth day of Shaban, the eighth month of the Muslim year. The belief is that on this day life and destiny of mankind in the sky are registered for the approaching year. In the work of Muharram, the is the first month of the Islamic calendar, the martyrdom of Imam Husayn, the grandson of Muhammad recalls. For the first nine days of the month of death is told, and then on the tenth day, the day he was assassinated, there barefoot processions with people, the banner in reference to the tragedy of his death.Other religions in Pakistan also have special Festivals / Rituals & Holidays, Christmas and Easter, the specific ones of the 750,000 Christians in Pakistan. Christmas coincides with the birthday of Ali Jinnah, acclaimed as Pakistan's founder, so that both Muslims and Christians celebrate at this day.The most important festival of the Buddhist community is Baisakhi Purnima, the day on which Buddha was born, it is the same calendar date, if later in his life, he is believed to achieve its great wisdom enlightenment.Parsi people of Pakistan celebrate New Year (Naoroz) 21 March. About 50-50 Parsees live near Karachi.Pakistani Hindus also have different festivals, the two are on special, Diwali (Festival of Lights) and Holi (Festival of colors). The Festival of Lights is held at the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore, which are colored lights and where folk music and dances performed.A colorful & fascinating festivals held in North-West Frontier Province are being filled in April, the stadium Peshawar. Events include the famous Khattak dance of the Pashtun and music concerts, tribal people participate in the work of the colorful costumes.In oath tribesmen gather around the shrine of Baba Kharwari in Ziarat Valley Wrestling & & Marksmanship competitions . Held A huge number of people visit it regularly to sacrifice in memory of the Quaid-i-Azam saint.The Residency in Ziarat Valley was Ali Jinnah resides in the work his last illness and houses relics of him and is a very holy place venerated. It was originally built in l882 by the British and used by the agent to the Governor for his summer headquarters.Takht Bhai is one of the holy places of Buddhism. The Buddhist monastery Takht Bhai is 500 feet (152 meters) above the level in the Hill. The Buddhists selected this place for a religious complex, where the monks and students pursue their rituals and studies could be constructed. The main stupa is on two sides by bands, in which images of the two Buddha & Buddhisattva were installed.Makli Hill near Thatta town is surrounded, where over one million tombs of kings and queens, saints, students, philosophers, and soldiers can be found. Grave stones and mausoleums are considered masterpieces of stone carvings, various Eras and dynasties.Death & The Afterlife. Shab-I-Barat is celebrated as a commemoration of dead relatives and friends. Special lighting of the mosques is taking place and food distributed among the poor. It is a time and participate as children in fireworks. After reading the Koran and the distribution of food is said prayers, then most Muslim cemeteries visit and bring flowers and lights on the graves of deceased relatives and friends.
Medicine and Health
On a seminar at Aga Khan Medical University in September 1998 reported that specialists perinatal mortality in Pakistan were alarmingly high, with an estimated 54 Deaths per thousand births. A 1990-1994 national health survey reported that eighty-nine children died per thousand children under three years old in Pakistan from pneumonia, Diarrhea, vaccine prevention of diseases or a mixture of them, have been made with most of these deaths in the first week after birth.Various programs polio attack, the World Health Organization and Japan attended. On a target of the twentieth century there were hundreds of thousands of deaths and at least twenty thousand new cases of paralytic polio shown every year to stop the Federal Bureau of Statistics survey in Pakistan, that about 50 percent of primary health centers without doctors found that about 70 percent of government health facilities are no female staff members were. Only about 56 percent of the country people have clean drinking water and 24 percent sanitation.Programs nice run to basic health care expand for women, create a women-friendly district health technology and strengthen and improve both human capacity, maintain the health of women development.SECULAR CELEBRATE
Official holidays are: Pakistan Day, 23 March, May, 1 May, Independence Day, 14 August, Defence of Pakistan Day, 6 September, Death of Ali Jinnah, 11 September; & Birth Ali Jinnah, 25 December.The Awami Mela or People's Festival in Lahore a year in March, is a six-day spectacle, that riding, cattle displays, and huge crowds features. Special events include Polo, animal dances, big band shows, acrobatics, dancing camels, horses, Parades, Festivals & Folk dances.Another Basant in Lahore is, when the sky filled with thousands of colorful kites in celebration of the coming spring. The color yellow with The festival is connected, all the dresses in yellow and yellow food usually a national holiday is declared cooked.Often when the Pakistan national cricket team of a major international Match wins.
THE Arts and Humanities
Support for the Arts. The Pakistan National Council of the Arts (pNCA) , the National Gallery, the established Sadequinn Gallery, the National Middle & Music & Dance. They have also regularly hold exhibitions, seminars, theater workshops.In the early 1970s founded the National Film Development Corporation to make use of film to make people aware of the social and cultural values were. The company has a film festival regularly.Literature. Faiz Ahmad Faiz is thought to have been Pakistan's greatest poet, and it is a national holiday celebrating his birth. Pakistan has often been considered a land of poetry, and it is said that every Pakistani has written some poetry.Graphic leisure. There is a wide selection of graphic examples, including Ton hand-painted products, the so-called hand-batik design for products & block print Ajrak. Glazed ceramic with hand-painted designs spread across the country, and artistic Working in clay is thousands of years.Pakistani crafts are as varied as the ethnic origin of the artisans and include work in wood, brass and beaten copper, Pottery, jewelry & varied, a wide selection of fabrics, embroidery and hand-crafted carpets function, is internationally recognized for the Pakistan recognized.Performance Arts. There is so much dance music and performance art in Pakistan, many of the distinctiveness of the ethnic culture of the actors that they are thinking about common than distinctive. Music and dance in the completed both classical and folk form. Normally the performers are wearing a costume that ethnic design. Like the costume of the performer taken to identify the tribe or ethnic group, the music or performance. For example, is dancing in a circle of basic education for Pakistani folk dances, are there are also many versions of the Pashtuns "Khattak, but they all start with dancers in two columns of pipe & drum music accompanied. It is Jhoom Baluchistan the top speed is about is how men in dark nights by the light of flickering torches. The females of Punjab want to Jhoom in what is often called a romantic fashion. Even in Punjab, the jUDDI begins with girls singing to the beat of a drum, then they will start to dance in a circle and join. Yet another dance of the Punjab, the Bhangra, the & as like Rock & Roll, which is always completed at the beginning of harvest time is described. The Ho Yamal were in Sind, but is popular all over Pakistan. It is a dance as part of a victory or implemented celebration.There 's two families of musical instruments in Pakistan and over four hundred Pakistani musical instruments The most famous are the sitar, Veena, Rabab, sur mandal & Tanpura. The most popular of all instruments, the sitar, but a two-piece drum is the tabla said to be the most important Companion for all Pakistani music and dance. all instruments are mainly used for solo performances, the Western idea of the orchestral music is not part of the Pakistani musical heritage. But in the Western instruments like piano, violin, accordion and now often included in Pakistan's concerts because they are adaptable to Pakistani music.Several other musical instruments are used, the dhol, a double-sided drum, which usually hung around the neck and is played with sticks, while the dholkit small and performed by hand. In addition, the flute is often used.
BACKGROUND natural and social sciences
In social sciences, is one of the main concerns of low literacy in Pakistan. Efforts will be made and outside the educational establishment account this concern worn. Another social concern is that young children often must supplement, most often work in the carpet manufacturing jobs and family income sometimes the only income the family type. As a result, the children have no time to go to school. Effort to this problem often for work for the parents.In involved looking address of the physical sciences, one of the biggest problems is that because of the ever-increasing population growth, natural resources often abused, with the country where desertification is lost, waterlogging, and soil erosion. There are of increasing contamination of groundwater and surface water agricultural chemicals as well as from industrial and municipal wastes. Given the important role of agriculture in the economy of the country, agricultural production and will continue to be at high risk of soil degradation, if solutions can be found quickly.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alichin, Bridget & Alichin, Raymond. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, 1982.Cohen, Stephen. Pakistan Army in 1998, 1999.Harrison, Selig. India & Pakistan: The first Fifty years 1998.Hussain, Ishrat. Pakistan: The economy of an elitist state 1999.Mayhew, Bradley. Lonely Planet Pakistan, 1998.Mirza, Humayun. From Plassey to Pakistan: The family history of Iskander Mirza, the First President of Pakistan, 1999.Mittman, Kevin & Mittman, Karin. Culture Shock / Pakistan, 1991.Mumtax, Khawar & Mitha, Yameema. Pakistan: Custom and Change, 1996Shaw, Isobel. Pakistan Handbook, 1996Sisson, Richard, & Rose, Leo, War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh, 1991.Talbot, Ian. Pakistan: A Modern History, 1998.
About the Author
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